An insertion variant can be small, involving a single extra DNA base pair, or large, involving a piece of a chromosome. Insertion is a type of variant involving the addition of genetic material.
4Įxample: Original DNA Sequence: the gray cat ran down the hall Frameshift insertion: th h egra yca tra ndow nth ehal l Frameshift deletion: the rayc atr and ownt heh all If a variant disrupts this reading frame, then the entire DNA sequence following the variant will be read incorrectly. Each group of three bases corresponds to one of 20 different amino acids used to build a protein. "Divisible by three" is important because the cell reads a gene in groups of three bases. 4Įxample: Original DNA Sequence: the gray cat ran down the hall Duplication Sequence: the gray cat cat ran down the hallĪ frameshift variant is a type of variant involving the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in which the number of deleted base pairs is not divisible by three. Gene duplication is an important mechanism by which evolution occur.
Gene and chromosome duplications occur in all organisms, though they are especially prominent among plants. Duplication is a type of variant that involves the production of one or more copies of a gene or region of a chromosome.
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